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Energy Projects, Social Licence, Public Acceptance and Regulatory Systems in Canada: A White Paper

It has become increasingly difficult in Canada to gain and sustain public acceptance of energy
projects. Increased levels of protest, combined with traditional media and social media coverage of
opposition, combine to suggest decreased public acceptance of energy projects. Decision-makers
have responded accordingly, and a variety of energy projects have either been delayed or put on
hold indefinitely. This is true for both conventional and renewable energy projects and in many
different regions across the country. A number of proposed energy projects have recently faced
opposition from various stakeholder groups. For instance, the decision of the Joint Review Panel for
the Northern Gateway Pipeline is being challenged in Canada’s court system. First Nations groups
have issued an ultimatum to the Federal Government that it must choose between Site C (a proposed
hydro dam) and liquefied natural gas development in B.C. Rapid expansion of wind energy projects
in Ontario has engendered lengthy and costly appeals and the rise of an anti-wind social movement.
In Nova Scotia, tidal energy development is being positioned as a new renewable energy option;
gaining public acceptance is critical in light of recent opposition to wind energy development. As
these experiences suggest, not only has the regulatory process become more contentious, but also
an apparently new concept — social licence — has had popular appeal.

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